Stressors and situations
Certain stressors and situations put a child at higher risk for maltreatment. Post-partum depression and interpersonal violence are two common situations you may recognize
Postpartum depression
Most new mothers and some fathers experience some ups and downs in their mood in the days after a baby is born. About 10 - 20% of mothers experience postpartum depression, which is more serious. Mothers with postpartum depression can have a range of signs and symptoms besides a depressed or sad mood. These mothers are not only at risk to hurt themselves and their children, but their depression may also negatively impact their infant's cognitive and emotional development.
Signs and symptoms of postpartum depression
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Frequent crying
- Difficulty sleeping or eating
- Feelings of hopelessness
- Feeling worthless
- Thoughts about their own death or their child's death
Additional information and resources
Postpartum Support International has a comprehensive website dedicated helping women with perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, including postpartum depression.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human's Services Women's Health Section: Depression During and After Pregnancy
Interpersonal violence
Interpersonal violence is a pattern of coercive behavior used by one partner to control an intimate partner. It may involve intimidation, physical abuse, and/or sexual abuse. Interpersonal violence is the leading cause of injury to women of child-bearing age. Men can also be victims of interpersonal violence. In fact, it is estimated that over 825,000 men fall victim to interpersonal violence annually in the United States. Interpersonal violence occurs in all cultures and socioeconomic groups.
While many people believe that interpersonal violence and child abuse are separate issues, they are actually closely linked:
Thirty to 60 percent of abused children have a mother who has experienced interpersonal violence. Men who abuse their female partners are much more likely to abuse their children.
In addition to being more at risk for abuse, children suffer from witnessing violence, especially witnessing violence in the home. Children who witness violence are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They are also at a greater risk to become involved in an abusive relationship as an adult.
Sometimes victims of interpersonal violence do not recognize that they are in an abusive relationship. They may minimize what is happening to them. Many people only get help after a friend or family member has supported or helped them.
If you suspect someone you know may be a victim of interpersonal violence, encourage them to get help.