Hypothyroidism
What is hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is a condition is which the thyroid gland (in the lower neck) does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone is very important in regulating brain development, growth, energy, and metabolism. When children have too little thyroid hormone, they can have many symptoms.
Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include:
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| | - Muscle cramps or weakness
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| | - Delayed development of teeth
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What causes hypothyroidism?
In children, the condition is most commonly caused by swelling or inflammation of the thyroid gland. This is also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition in which the body produces antibodies against the thyroid gland. This can eventually lead to the thyroid gland being unable to produce an adequate amount of thyroid hormone.
In newborns, it can be due to different factors than in older children.
Diagnosing hypothyroidism
A blood test is done to measure the levels of the thyroid hormones. Often levels of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and free T4 (or free thyroxine) levels are done. Anti-thyroid antibodies will often be tested as well.
Treatment of hypothyroidism
The goal of treatment is to provide enough thyroid hormone to have normal levels in the body. This is done by giving thyroid hormone in a tablet once daily. Blood tests will have to be monitored routinely to ensure that the dose of thyroid hormone is adequate. It is also important to regularly see a physician for check-ups.