We have provided brief definitions for the health topics and conditions found here. Many include links to pages with more information.

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A

• abdominal pain
• abdominal ultrasound
• abdominal x-ray
• ablation
• abrasion
• abscess
• ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor
• acetaminophen
• Achilles tendonitis
• acne
• acne neonatorum (also called baby acne)
• acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• acupuncture points
• acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
• acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
• acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
• acute respiratory distress syndrome
• acyanotic
• adenoids
• adjuvant therapy
• adolescence
• adrenal cortex
• adrenal gland (also called suprarenal glands)
• adrenal hyperplasia
• adrenal hypoplasia
• adrenal medulla
• adrenaline (also called epinephrine)
• adrenarche
• advance directives
• advocacy
• aerobic exercise
• affective disorder (also known as mood disorder)
• air leak
• airway obstruction
• Alagille syndrome
• aldosterone
• allergen
• allergic rhinitis (also called hay fever)
• allergy
• allogeneic stem cell transplantation
• allograft
• alopecia
• alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
• alveolus (alveoli pl.)
• amblyopia (also called lazy eye)
• American Sign Language (ASL)
• amniocentesis
• amniotic sac
• analgesic
• anaphylaxis (also called anaphylactic shock)
• anastomosis
• androgen hormone
• anemia
• anencephaly
• anesthesia
• anesthesiologist
• aneurysm
• Angelman syndrome
• angioedema
• angiogram
• angiography
• angioma
• angioplasty
• ankylosing spondylitis
• Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children
• Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children"s Hospital of Chicago
• Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children"
• Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children"s Hospital of Chicago
• anorectal atresia
• anorectal malformations
• anorexia nervosa (also called anorexia)
• anosmia
• antacids
• anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
• anterior fontanelle (also called the "soft spot")
• anthrax
• anti-inflammatory drugs
• antibiotics
• antibody (also called immunoglobulin)
• anticholinergics

• anticipatory grief
• anticoagulant
• antidiarrheals
• antidiuretic hormone (also called vasopressin)
• antiemetic
• antigen
• antihistamine drugs
• antihypertensive
• antispasmodics
• antivenin
• anus
• aorta
• aortic arch
• aortic regurgitation
• aortic stenosis
• aortic valve
• Apert syndrome
• apex
• Apgar test
• aphasia
• apheresis
• aplastic anemia
• apnea
• apophysitis of the pelvis/hip
• appendectomy
• appendicitis
• appendix
• apraxia
• aqueous humor
• arrhythmia (also called dysrhythmia)
• art therapy
• arterioles
• arteriosclerosis
• arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
• artery
• arthralgia
• arthritis
• arthrogram
• arthrogryposis
• arthroscopy
• articular cartilage injuries
• ascending colon
• ascites
• Asperger disorder
• asphyxia
• asphyxiation
• asplenia
• assistive devices
• asthma
• astigmatism
• asymptomatic
• ataxia
• atonic colon
• atresia
• atrial fibrillation
• atrial flutter
• atrial septal defect (ASD)
• atrial septum
• atrioventricular (AV) node
• atrioventricular block
• atrioventricular canal
• atrioventricular canal defect
• atrioventricular node
• atrium (atria pl.)
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• audiologist
• audiology
• auditory brainstem response (ABR) test
• auditory nerve
• auditory-verbal therapy (AVT)
• aural atresia
• autistic disorder (also called autism)
• autoimmune deafness
• autoimmune disease
• autologous stem cell transplantation
• autopsy
• autosomal dominant inheritance
• autosomal recessive inheritance
• autosome
• avulsion fracture
• axilla

B

• bacterial endocarditis
• balance
• balloon angioplasty
• barium
• barium enema (also called lower GI or gastrointestinal series)
• barium swallow
• basal cell carcinoma
• basal cells
• Batten disease (also late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis - LINCL)
• bedwetting (enuresis)
• benign
• bereavement
• Berlin Heart
• beta blocker
• bicuspid
• bilateral
• bile
• bile ducts
• biliary atresia
• biliary atresia
• bilirubin
• binge eating disorder
• bingeing
• binocular vision
• biochemical genetic testing
• biofeedback
• biologic response modifiers (Also called biologic therapy.)
• biopsy
• biopsy examinations
• biotinidase deficiency
• birth defect
• birthmark
• bladder
• bladder exstrophy
• blasts
• blepharitis
• blister
• blocked tear ducts
• blood clot
• blood glucose

• blood in the eye (hyphema)
• blood plasma
• blood pressure
• blood tests
• blood vessels
• body mass index (BMI)
• boil
• bone age
• bone graft
• bone marrow
• bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
• bone marrow harvest
• bone marrow transplantation (BMT)
• bone metabolism tests
• bone scan
• bone survey
• botulism
• bowel
• bowel movement
• brachial palsy
• brachial plexus injuries
• brachycephaly
• bradycardia
• brain abscess
• brain cysts and malformations
• brain stem tumors
• brain tumor
• branchial cleft abnormality
• bronchiole
• bronchitis
• bronchodilators
• bronchopulmonary dysplasia (also called BPD or chronic lung disease)
• bronchoscopy
• bronchus
• brucellosis
• bruxism
• bulimia nervosa (also known as bulimia)
• bundle-branch block
• bursas
• bursitis

C

• C
• C-reactive protein
• calcitonin
• calcium channel blocker
• cancer
• cancer care team
• cancer cell
• candidiasis (Also called yeast infection.)
• capillaries
• carbohydrates
• carbuncles
• carcinogen
• cardiac (heart) arrhythmia
• cardiac arrest
• cardiac catheterization
• cardiac echocardiogram (echo)
• cardiac output
• cardiomyopathy
• cardiopulmonary arrest
• cardiopulmonary bypass
• cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
• cardiovascular
• cardioversion
• carotid artery
• carrier testing
• cartilage
• caruncle
• cast
• cataract
• catarrhal
• catheter
• cavernoma
• cavernous hemangioma
• cecum
• celiac disease (Also called celiac sprue or gluten sensitive enteropathy.)
• cellulitis
• cephalohematoma
• cephalometric x-ray
• cerebellar astrocytomas
• cerebral aneurysm
• cerebral palsy (CP)
• cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
• Cesarean section
• chalazion
• chemotherapy
• chest pain in children
• Chiari malformations
• chickenpox (varicella)
• child life
• childhood glaucoma
• chlamydial infection
• choking
• cholangiography
• cholesterol
• choroid
• choroid plexus papilloma
• chromosome
• chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
• chronic lung disease (CLD or bronchopulmonary dysplasia)
• chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
• chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
• chronic pain
• ciliary body
• cineangiography
• circulatory system
• circumcision
• cleft lip
• cleft palate
• clinical trial
• clinically relevant allele ambiguities
• closed heart surgery
• clostridium difficile (Also known as C. diff or C. difficile.)
• clotting

• clubfoot (also called talipes equinovarus)
• CO2 laser
• coarctation of the aorta
• cochlea
• cochlear implant
• cognitive development
• cold sore
• colectomy
• colic
• colitis
• collagen
• collateral vessels
• colon
• colonoscopy
• colostomy
• common bile duct
• communication disorders
• complementary and alternative medicine
• complete blood count (CBC)
• complex regional pain syndrome
• compliance
• computed tomography scan (Also called a CT or CAT scan.)
• conduction system
• conductive hearing impairment
• congenital
• congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
• congenital anomaly
• congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS)
• congenital cholesteatoma
• congenital hand problems
• congenital heart disease
• congenital muscular torticollis
• congenital varicella syndrome
• congestive heart failure
• conjunctiva
• conjunctivitis ("
• conjunctivitis ("pink eye")
• constipation
• contact dermatitis
• continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
• convertible safety seat
• cornea
• corneal abrasion
• corneal curvature
• coronal suture
• coronary arteries
• corticosteroids
• cranial deformities
• craniectomy
• craniofacial
• craniopharyngioma
• craniosynostosis
• craniotomy
• cri du chat syndrome
• Crohn disease
• crossbite
• crossed eyes (strabismus)
• crossmatch
• cryosurgery
• cryptorchidism (undescended testes or UDT)
• CT scanner
• cyanosis
• cyanotic
• cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS)
• cyst
• cystic adenomatoid mass of the chest (C-CAM)
• cystic fibrosis
• cystometrogram (CMG)
• cystoscopy (also called cystourethroscopy)
• cystourethrogram (Also called a voiding cystogram.)
• cytogenetics
• cytomegalovirus (CMV)

D

• Dandy Walker malformation
• DDAVP
• debridement
• decibel
• deciduous teeth
• deep vein thrombosis
• defibrillator
• dehydration
• delusions
• dental caries
• dental fluorosis
• dental implants
• depression
• dermatitis
• dermatomyositis
• dermis
• dermoid cyst
• descending colon
• developmental age
• developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
• deviated septum
• dextrocardia
• diabetes - type 1
• diabetes - type 2
• diabetic retinopathy
• dialysis
• diaphragm
• diaphragmatic hernia
• diarrhea

• diastole
• diastolic blood pressure
• diathermy machine
• digestion
• digestive tract (Also called digestive system.)
• diphtheria
• diplopia
• disintegrative psychosis (also called childhood disintegrative disorder.)
• dislocation
• distention
• diuretic
• diverticulitis
• dizziness
• DNA (deoxyribosenucleic acid)
• Doppler ultrasound
• double outlet right ventricle
• Down syndrome (also called trisomy 21)
• Dravet syndrome
• drug abuse screening
• drug allergies
• Dubowitz/Ballard examination
• ducts
• ductus arteriosus
• duodenal ulcer
• duodenum
• dyslexia
• dysmenorrhea
• dysphagia
• dyspnea

E

• ear infections (otitis media)
• ear wax (Also called cerumen.)
• eating disorders
• Ebstein anomaly
• ecchymosis
• echocardiography
• ECMO
• ectodermal dysplasia
• eczema (also called atopic dermatitis)
• edema
• effusion
• ejection fraction
• electrocardiogram (ECG)
• electroencephalogram (EEG)
• electrolytes
• electromyogram (EMG)
• electrophysiological study (EPS)
• embolization
• embolus
• encephalitis
• encopresis
• end-stage organ disease
• end-to-end anastomosis
• endarterectomy
• endocarditis
• endocardium
• endorphins
• endoscope
• endothelial cells
• endothelium
• endotracheal tube (ET)
• enema
• enlarged heart
• enthesitis

• enuresis (bedwetting)
• enuresis alarm
• enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)
• eosinophils
• ependymomas
• epicardium
• epidermis
• epidermolysis bullosa
• epidural anesthetic
• epilepsy (seizure disorder)
• epinephrine (Also called adrenalin.)
• epispadias
• epithelium
• erythema nodosum
• erythema toxicum
• erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
• esophageal atresia
• esophageal pH monitoring
• esophageal stricture
• esophagus
• euphoria
• eustachian tube
• euthyroid
• Ewing sarcoma
• EX-utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT)
• exanthem
• excoriation
• excrete
• exercise electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• exercise-induced asthma
• expiration
• expressive language disorder
• extrinsic asthma
• eye prophylaxis

F

• facial cleft
• facial paralysis
• failure to thrive
• family-centered care
• fats
• fecal fat test
• fecal occult blood test
• female athlete triad
• femoral anteversion
• femur
• fetal
• fetal abdominal cysts
• fetal abdominal wall defects (gastroschisis and omphalocele)
• fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
• fetal chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstruction (CIP)
• fetal duplication of collecting systems
• fetal gastroschisis
• fetal heart rate monitoring
• fetal hydantoin syndrome
• fetal lung masses
• fetal ventriculomegaly
• fetus
• fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES)
• fibrillation
• fibromyalgia

• first-degree burns (Also called superficial burns.)
• fistula
• fluorescein stain
• fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
• fluoride
• fluoroscopy
• flutter
• focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS)
• folic acid
• folic acid deficiency
• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• folliculitis
• Fontan procedure
• food allergies
• food intolerance
• foramen ovale
• fractures
• fragile-X syndrome
• frameless stereotactic instrumentation
• freckles
• free skin graft
• frontal bone
• frostbite
• fulminant hepatic failure (severe liver failure)

G

• galactosemia
• gallbladder
• ganglioglioma
• gas
• gastrectomy
• gastric
• gastric tube (GT)
• gastritis
• gastroenteritis
• gastroenterology
• gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• gastrointestinal tract (Also called the digestive tract)
• gastrointestinal tract (Also called the digestive tract.)
• gastroparesis
• gastroschisis
• gastroscopy
• gastrostomy
• gated blood pool scan
• Gaucher disease
• gavage feedings
• gene therapy
• general anesthetic
• generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
• genes
• genetic counseling
• genetic screening
• genioplasty
• genitals

• genu varum (bow legged)
• germ cell
• germ cell tumors
• giardia lamblia
• gland
• glaucoma
• Glenn shunt
• glioblastoma
• glomerulonephritis
• glomerulosclerosis
• glucagon
• glucose
• gluten
• gluten sensitive enteropathy (Also called celiac sprue or celiac disease.)
• goiter
• gonadotropins
• gonads
• graft
• graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
• granulation tissue
• granulocytes
• growth chart
• growth plate injuries
• grunting
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
• gymnast wrist (distal radial epiphysitis)
• gynecomastia

H

• H1N1
• H2-blockers
• Haemophilus influenzae (Also called H. influenzae)
• hair cells
• halitosis
• hallucinations
• hard palate
• hay fever (also called allergic rhinitis)
• head injuries
• head/neck masses
• headaches
• hearing aid
• hearing disorder
• hearing loss
• heart
• heart attack (Also called myocardial infarction.)
• heart block
• heart failure and cardiomyopathy
• heart murmer
• heart rate
• heart transplantation
• heart valve prolapse
• heart valves
• heart-lung machine
• heartbeat
• heartburn
• heat cramps
• heat exhaustion
• heat illness
• heat stroke
• Helicobacter pylori
• hemangiomas
• hemarthrosis
• hematocrit
• hematoma
• hematopoiesis
• hematuria
• hemifacial microsomia (also called Goldenhar syndrome)
• hemochromatosis
• hemoglobin
• hemoglobin S-beta thalassemia
• hemolysis
• hemolytic anemia
• hemolytic disease of the newborn
• hemolytic uremic syndrome
• hemophilia (also called a coagulation disorder)
• hemorrhagic anemia
• hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
• Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
• hepatic
• hepatitis
• hepatitis A
• hepatitis B
• hepatitis C
• hepatitis D
• hepatitis E
• hepatitis G
• hepatoblastoma

• hermaphrodite
• hernia
• herniorrhaphy
• herpes virus
• herpes zoster (Also called shingles.)
• high ankle sprain (syndesmosis sprain)
• high blood pressure (also called hypertension)
• high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
• hip dysplasia
• Hirschsprung disease
• histamine
• hives (also called urticaria)
• hoarseness
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Holter monitor
• homocystinuria
• homograft
• homosexual
• hordeolum (stye)
• hormone
• horseshoe kidney
• hospice
• human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• human papillomaviruses (HPVs)
• hyaline membrane disease (HMD; also called respiratory distress syndrome or RDS)
• hyaloid canal
• hydrocele
• hydrocephalus
• hydrochloric acid
• hydrocortisone
• hydronephrosis
• hydronephrosis, pyelectasis
• hydrops fetalis
• hyper-IgM syndrome
• hyperbilirubinemia
• hypercalciuria
• hyperglycemia
• hyperkalemia
• hypernatremia
• hyperopia
• hypertension (high blood pressure)
• hyperthermia
• hyperthyroidism
• hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (also called idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis)
• hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
• hyphema
• hypocalcemia
• hypoglycemia
• hypopituitarism
• hypoplastic
• hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• hypospadias (sometimes misspelled as hypospadius)
• hypotension
• hypothalamus
• hypothyroidism
• hypothyroidism
• hypoxia

I

• ibuprofen
• ichthyosis
• IgE antibody
• ileum
• imaging studies
• immune system
• immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• immunizations (also called vaccines or vaccinations)
• immunocompromised
• immunoglobulins
• immunosuppression
• immunosuppressive medications
• immunotherapy
• imperforate anus
• impetigo
• inborn error of metabolism
• incision
• incontinence
• increase comfort
• indigestion
• indirect DNA studies (Also called "linkage studies.")
• infant safety seat
• infection
• inferior vena cava
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)
• influenza (also called the flu)

• informed consent
• inguinal hernia
• inner ear
• inpatient surgery
• inspiration
• insulin
• insulin-resistance
• intestinal anomalies
• intestinal atresia
• intestinal flora
• intestinal mucosa
• intestinal transplantation
• intestines
• intolerance
• intracranial pressure (ICP)
• intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
• intravenous (IV)
• intravenous gamma globulin (IVGG)
• intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
• intraventricular hemorrhage
• intrinsic asthma
• intussusception
• inversion
• iris
• iron deficiency anemia
• ischemia
• ischemic heart disease

J

• jaundice
• jejunum
• joint

• jugular veins
• juvenile dermatomyositis
• juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

K

• karyotype
• Kasai portoenterostomy
• Kawasaki disease
• keloids
• keratitis
• keratosis pilaris
• kerion
• kernicterus
• ketogenic diet
• ketone

• kidney
• kidney failure
• kidney stone
• kidney transplantation
• KIPP
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Knee Injury Prevention Program
• knock knees or genu valgum
• kyphosis

L

• labyrinth
• laceration
• lactase
• lactase deficiency
• lactose intolerance
• lactose tolerance test
• language disorders
• lanugo
• laparoscope
• laparoscopy
• large for gestational age (LGA)
• large intestine (also called the colon)
• laryngitis
• laryngomalacia
• laryngoscopy
• larynx (also called the voice box)
• laser surgery
• lateral canthus
• learning disabilities
• left atrium
• left ventricle
• Legg-Calve-Perthes syndrome
• lens (also called crystalline lens)
• leukemia
• lice
• ligament injuries
• ligaments
• lipid
• lipomas

• Little League shoulder (proximal humeral epiphysitis)
• liver
• liver failure
• liver function tests
• liver transplantation
• local anesthesia
• locally invasive
• lordosis
• low birthweight
• low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
• lower esophageal sphincter
• lower GI (gastrointestinal) series (also called barium enema)
• lumbar puncture (also called spinal tap)
• lumen
• lumpectomy
• lung volume
• Lyme disease (LD)
• lymph
• lymph nodes
• lymph vessels
• lymphadenopathy
• lymphangiogram (LAG)
• lymphangioma
• lymphatic malformations
• lymphatic system
• lymphocytes
• lymphocytic leukemia
• lymphoma

M

• macrosomia
• macula
• macular stains (also called angel's kisses or stork bites)
• macule
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• major depression (also called clinical depression or unipolar depression)
• malabsorption syndrome
• malignant
• malignant melanoma
• mallet finger
• malnutrition
• malocclusion
• malrotation and volvulus
• manage pain
• mandible
• mania
• manic depression (also known as bipolar disorder)
• maple syrup urine disease
• Marfan syndrome
• markers
• mast cells
• mastoid
• mastoiditis
• maxilla
• mean blood pressure
• measles
• mechanical valve
• mechanical ventilation
• Meckel diverticulum
• meconium
• meconium aspiration syndrome
• medial canthus
• Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)
• median sternotomy
• medulloblastomas
• megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia
• megaureter
• melanocytes
• menarche
• meningitis
• meningococcal infections
• meniscus injuries
• menses
• menstruation
• metabolic tests
• metabolism
• metastasis

• metatarsus adductus (also called metatarsus varus)
• microcephaly
• microgenia
• microglossia
• micrognathia
• micropenis
• middle ear
• milia
• minimally invasive surgery
• minor fracture
• miosis
• mitochondrial inheritance
• mitral valve
• mitral valve prolapse
• moles
• molluscum contagiosum
• Mongolian spots
• monounsaturated fats
• mood disorder (also known as affective disorder)
• Moro reflex
• Morton neuroma
• mosaicism
• motility
• moulding
• moyamoya disease
• mucolipidoses
• mucopolysaccharidoses
• mucositis
• mucus
• multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK)
• multifactorial
• mumps
• murmur
• muscular dystropy
• musculoskeletal system
• mutation
• myasthenia gravis
• myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
• myelogenous leukemia
• myelogram
• myeloproliferative disorders
• myocardial ischemia
• myocarditis
• myocardium
• myopia
• myotonic dystrophy
• myringotomy

N

• nasal polyp
• nasogastric tube (NG tube)
• National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA)
• nausea
• navicular stress fracture
• near-drowning
• neck abscess
• necrosis
• necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
• needle aspiration
• neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
• nephrectomy
• nephrologist
• nephrology
• nephrotic syndrome (also known as nephrosis)
• neural tube defect)
• neural tube defects
• neuroblastoma

• neurocutaneous syndromes
• neuroendoscope
• neurofibromatosis-1
• neurogenic bladder (also called neuropathic bladder)
• neurotransmitters
• neutropenia
• newborn screening
• Nissen fundoplication
• noise-induced hearing loss
• non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
• non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
• non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• non-invasive procedure
• non-refractive error
• nuclear medicine scan
• nursemaid's elbow
• nutrients

O

• obesity
• obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• obstruction
• obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
• occipital lobe of the brain
• occluded artery
• occult blood
• occupational therapy
• omphalocele
• oncogenes
• oncologist
• oncology
• open heart surgery
• operating microscope
• ophthalmologist
• oppositional defiant disorder
• optic chiasm and hypothalamic gliomas
• optic nerve
• oral cavity
• oral trauma
• orbit
• orchiopexy
• orchitis
• organ procurement
• oropharynx

• orthodontist
• orthopaedic
• orthoptics
• os trigonum syndrome
• Osgood-Schlatter disease
• osteogenesis imperfecta (also called OI or brittle-bone disease)
• osteoid tissue
• osteomyelitis
• osteopenia
• osteoporosis
• osteosarcoma (also called osteogenic sarcoma)
• ostomy
• otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
• otitis media (ear infections)
• otoacoustic emissions
• otolaryngologist
• ovaries
• overbite
• overflow incontinence
• overuse injuries
• overweight
• ovulation
• oxygen desaturation
• oxygen saturation

P

• pacemaker
• pain disorder
• pain specialist
• palliative treatment
• Pallister Killian
• palpitation
• pancreas
• pancreatitis
• panic disorder
• Pap test (also called Pap smear)
• paraphimosis
• parathyroid glands
• parenteral nutrition
• paronychia
• partial colectomy
• patellar dislocation (kneecap dislocation)
• patent
• patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• patent foramen ovale
• pathologist
• patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
• pauciarticular
• peak flow meter
• pectus excavatum
• pediatric medicine
• pediatric oncologist
• pediatric pathology fellowship program
• pediatric residency
• pelvic examination
• pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• pelviectasis
• pelviectasis or pyelectasis
• peptic
• peptic ulcer
• percutaneous
• perforation
• pericardial effusion
• pericardiocentesis
• pericarditis
• pericardium
• periodontal diseases (also called gum diseases)
• peripheral blood stem cell collection
• peristalsis
• peritoneal adhesions
• peritonitis
• periventricular leukomalacia
• persistent pulmonary hypertension
• pertussis (also called whooping cough)
• pervasive developmental disorders
• pes planus (or flexible flat foot)
• petechia
• pharynx
• phenylketonuria (PKU)
• phimosis
• phobia
• photopheresis (or extracorporeal photopheresis)
• photophobia
• photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
• phototherapy
• physical therapy (PT)
• pica
• pilonidal disease
• pineal body
• pineal region tumor
• pink eye"
• pituitary abnormalities
• pituitary gland
• pityriasis rosea
• PKU
• plague
• plaque
• plasma
• platelet function disorders
• platelet pheresis
• platelets
• pleura
• pleural effusion
• pleurisy
• pluripotent stem cell

• pneumomediastinum
• pneumonectomy
• pneumonia
• pneumopericardium
• pneumothorax
• poliomyelitis
• polyarticular
• polycystic kidney
• polycythemia
• polymyositis
• polyp
• polyunsaturated fat
• Ponseti method
• port-wine stains
• portal hypertension
• portal vein thrombosis
• positron emission tomography scan (PET scan)
• post-anesthesia care unit (also called recovery room)
• post-Lyme disease syndrome (PLDS)
• post-pericardiotomy syndrome
• post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)
• post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• posterior chamber
• posterior fontanelle
• posterior optical segment
• posterior urethral valves
• postoperative pain
• postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
• Prader-Willi syndrome
• precocious puberty
• premature atrial contraction (PAC)
• premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
• prematurity
• prenatal diagnosis
• presbyopia
• presymptomatic genetic testing
• preterm
• priapism
• prick skin test
• prickly heat
• primary immunodeficiency disease
• primary sexual characteristics
• primary site
• progesterone
• prolactin
• prolapse
• prophylaxis
• prostaglandin E1
• prosthesis
• proteinuria
• protocol
• prune belly syndrome
• pruritus
• psoriasis
• puberty
• puberty abnormalities
• pulmonary
• pulmonary artery
• pulmonary edema
• pulmonary function tests
• pulmonary hypertension
• pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE)
• pulmonary valve stenosis
• pulmonary vein
• pulmonic valve
• pulse oximeter
• puncture wound
• pupil
• pupillary response
• purging
• purpura
• purulent
• pustule (also called pimple)
• pyelectasis
• pyloric sphincter
• pyloric stenosis
• pyloroplasty
• pylorus
• pyogenic granuloma

R

• rabies
• radial keratotomy
• radiation burns
• radiation oncologist
• radiation therapy
• radiofrequency ablation
• radioisotope
• radioisotope scan
• radiologist
• radionuclide ventriculography
• RAST (RadioAllergoSorbent Test; a trademark of Pharmacia Diagnostics)
• rate of growth
• Raynaud syndrome
• reading disorder
• real-time ultrasonography
• rectal manometry
• rectum
• red blood cells (Also called erythrocytes or RBCs.)
• red-green color blindness
• reflex
• reflex neurovascular dystrophy
• reflux
• reflux esophagitis
• refractive error
• regimen
• regional anesthetic
• registered dietician
• regurgitation
• rejection
• relapse
• REM (rapid eye movement) sleep
• remission

• renal
• renal angiography (Also called renal arteriography.)
• renal ultrasound
• residency
• respiration
• respiratory diphtheria
• respiratory distress syndrome (RDS; also called hyaline membrane disease or HMD)
• respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• respiratory system
• retina
• retinoblastoma
• retinopathy of prematurity
• retracting
• Rett syndrome
• rex shunt
• Reye syndrome
• Rh disease
• rhabdomyosarcoma
• rheumatic fever
• rheumatoid factor (RF)
• rheumatologist
• right atrium
• right ventricle
• ringworm
• risk factor
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
• rooting
• rosacea
• Ross procedure
• rotavirus
• rubella (also called German measles)

S

• salicylic acid
• saline solution
• saliva
• salmonella
• sarcoidosis
• sarcoma
• saturated fat
• scabies
• scald burn
• scaphocephaly
• schizophrenia
• sclera
• scleroderma
• sclerosing adenosis
• scoliosis
• scotoma
• sebaceous glands
• seborrheic keratosis
• second-degree burn (Also called a partial thickness burn.)
• second-degree relative
• secondary sexual characteristics
• secondary tumor
• seizure
• selective mutism
• sensorineural hearing loss
• sepsis
• septal defect
• septum
• severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
• sex chromosomes
• sexually transmitted disease (STD)
• shaken infant
• shellfish
• shin splints
• shock
• Shprintzen syndrome (also known as DiGeorge syndrome; velocardiofacial syndrome; 22q11 syndrome
• shunt
• sickle cell - hemoglobin C disease
• sickle cell - hemoglobin E disease
• sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin SS)
• sickle cell disease
• sickle cell trait
• sickle crisis (Also called pain crisis or vasoocclusive crisis.)
• side effects
• sigmoid colon
• sigmoidoscopy
• sign language
• single ventricle
• single ventricle syndrome
• sinus (paranasal sinuses)
• sinus node
• sinus rhythm
• sinus tachycardia
• sinusitis
• Sjogren syndrome
• skeletal dysplasias
• skin (cutaneous) diphtheria
• skin graft
• skin tags
• slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
• small for gestational age (SGA)
• small intestine
• smallpox
• smoke alarm
• smooth muscle
• social phobia
• social worker
• soft palate
• soft tissue
• sound vocalization
• span
• spasm
• speech and language specialist
• speech disorders
• speech-language pathologist
• sphincter
• sphincter electromyogram (EMG)

• sphygmomanometer
• spider angioma
• spina bifida (also called meningomyelocele or neural tube defect)
• spinal anesthetic
• spinal cord
• spinal cord injury (SCI)
• spinal disc herniation
• spinal muscular atrophy
• spinal tap (Also called a lumbar puncture.)
• spine deformities (scoliosis; kyphosis; lordosis)
• spine or vertebral anomalies
• spirogram
• spleen
• splenectomy
• splinter
• splints
• spondylitis
• spondyloarthropathy
• sports injuries
• sports-related concussion
• sprain
• squamous cell carcinoma
• squamous cells (Also called keratinocytes.)
• staging
• stature disorders
• stem cell transplantation
• stem cells
• stenosis
• stent
• sternotomy
• sternum
• stethoscope
• stoma
• stomach and duodenal ulcers (peptic ulcers)
• stool
• stork bite or salmon patch
• strabismus
• strain
• strawberry hemangioma
• stress
• stress fracture
• stress test
• stress ulcer
• stricture
• stridor
• stroke
• Sturge-Weber syndrome
• stuttering
• subclavian
• subclavian flap
• subconjunctival hemorrhage
• subtotal or partial gastrectomy
• sudden deafness
• sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
• suffocation
• suicidal ideation
• suicide attempt
• sunburn
• sunscreen
• superior vena cava
• suppurative
• suprarenal glands (Also called adrenal glands.)
• supraventricular tachycardia
• surgery
• surgical oncologist
• swallow study
• swine flu
• syncope
• syndrome
• synovial fluid
• synovial membrane
• syringohydromyelia
• syrup of ipecac
• systemic
• systemic lupus erythematosus (also called SLE or lupus)
• systole
• systolic blood pressure

T

• tachycardia
• tachypnea
• tamponade
• taste buds
• Tay Sachs disease
• telemedicine
• telemetry unit
• temporomandibular joints (TMJ)
• tendon injury
• tendonitis
• tendons
• tennis elbow
• teratomas
• testicular torsion
• testing
• testis (testes pl.)
• tetanus
• tether anchors
• tethered spinal cord syndrome
• tetralogy of Fallot
• thalamic tumor
• thalassemia
• thelarche
• thermal burn
• third-degree burn (Also called a full thickness burn.)
• third-degree relative
• thoracic outlet syndrome
• thoracic outlet syndrome
• thoracic surgery
• thoracotomy
• throat culture
• thrombocytopenia
• thrombolysis
• thrombolytic drugs
• thrombolytic therapy
• thrombophilia
• thrombosis
• thrombus
• thrush
• thymus
• thyroglossal duct cyst
• thyroid
• thyroid scan
• thyroid storm
• thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• thyroxine (T4)
• tibia
• tibial torsion
• tinea versicolor

• tonometry
• torticollis (also known as wryneck)
• total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC)
• total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
• Tourette syndrome
• toxic epidermal necrolysis
• toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
• toxoplasmosis
• trachea
• tracheal abnormalities
• tracheoesophageal fistula
• tracheostomy
• trans fat
• transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
• transient synovitis hip (irritable hip or toxic synovitis)
• transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
• transillumination
• translocation
• transplantation
• transposition of the great arteries (or vessels)
• transverse colon
• trauma
• traumatic brain injury
• tretinoin
• trichomoniasis
• tricuspid atresia
• tricuspid valve
• triglyceride
• trigonocephaly
• triiodothyronine (T3)
• trisomy
• trisomy 13 (Also known as Patau syndrome.)
• trisomy 18 (Also known as Edwards syndrome.)
• trisomy 21 (Also called Down syndrome.)
• truncus arteriosus
• tuberculosis (TB)
• tuberous sclerosis
• tularemia
• tumor
• tumor suppressor gene
• Turner syndrome
• tympanic membrane (Also called eardrum.)
• tympanoplasty
• type 1
• type 1 diabetes
• type 2
• type 2 diabetes
• tyrosinemia

U

• UDT)
• ulcerative colitis
• ulcerative colitis (also called inflammatory bowel disease or IBD)
• ultrasound
• ultraviolet radiation (UV)
• umbilical artery catheter
• umbilical cord
• umbilical cord blood transplant
• umbilical hernia
• unilateral
• United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)
• upper GI (gastrointestinal) series (Also called barium swallow.)
• urea
• urea breath test
• ureterocele or ectopic ureter
• ureteropelvic junction obstruction (also fetal reflux; pelviectasis; pyelectasis)
• ureteroscope

• ureters
• urethra
• urethritis
• urinalysis
• urinary incontinence
• urinary reflux (vesicoureteral reflux)
• urinary retention
• urinary tract infection
• urine tests
• uroflowmetry (flow rate)
• urogenital
• urologist
• urticaria (Also called hives.)
• Usher syndrome
• uterus (Also called the womb.)
• uveitis
• uvula

V

• VACTERL
• vagina (Also called the birth canal.)
• valves
• valvuloplasty
• vascular
• vascular malformations (skin)
• vasculitis
• vasodilator
• vasopressor
• vasovagal syndrome
• vein
• vein of Galen malformation
• velopharyngeal insufficiency
• ventilation
• ventricle
• ventricle peritoneal shunt (Also called VP shunt)
• ventricular fibrillation
• ventricular septal defect

• ventricular tachycardia
• ventriculoperitoneal shunt (Also called VP shunt)
• vertigo
• very low birthweight
• vesicoureteral reflux
• vestibule
• VFSS
• videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS)
• visual acuity
• vitamin K
• vitamin therapy
• vitiligo
• vitreous body
• volvulus
• vomiting
• von Willebrand disease
• vulvitis
• VZIG

W

• warts
• Wegner's granulomatosus
• When seconds count

• whole blood
• Wilms tumor
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

X

• X-linked inheritance

• x-ray